NETHERLANDS
(Kingdom Netherlands)

Capital: Amsterdam
Currency: Euro (EUR)
Population: 17,2 million people
GDP (PPS): 967 bln. dollars of the USA (2018)
Area: 41 543 sq.km.
IRCHP: 7 (2015)

ABOUT THE KINGDOM

The Netherlands, the country located in northwest Europe also known as Holland. Netherlands is meant by the lowland of the country; the name Holland (from Houtland, or "Wooded Land") was originally carried to one of medieval kernels of what became later the modern state and is still used for 2 of its 12 provinces (A north Holland and the South Holland). Parliamentary democracy at the constitutional monarch includes the former colonies on the Lesser Antilles: Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, Saba, Sint-Eustatsy and Sint Maarten. The capital - Amsterdam and place of the government the Hague.

GEOGRAPHY

The country really low and surprisingly flat, with big open spaces of lakes, rivers and channels. About 2500 square miles (6500 square kilometers) of the Netherlands consist of rekultivirovanny lands that is result of process of the careful water resources management relating by the time of the Middle Ages. Along coasts the earth was a rekultivirovana from the sea, and in depth lakes and swamps, especially along many rivers were irrigated. All this Novaya Zemlya turned into the soldiers who are usually surrounded with dams. Originally strength of the person and horsepower were used for drainage of the earth, but later they were replaced with windmills, such as network of mills to Kinderdijk-Elshut which now is an object of the World heritage of UNESCO. The largest schemes of water supply were executed in the second half of the 19th century and in the 20th century when steam pumps, and then and electric or diesel pumps took effect.

CLIMATE

Climate of the Netherlands moderate, with soft winters, in the cool summer and a rain in every season. The southern and west winds prevail, and the sea softens climate through coastal winds and influence of Gulf Stream.
Position of the country - between the area of air masses of high pressure concentrated on the Azores and the area of low pressure concentrated on Iceland - does the Netherlands by a point of impact between warm and polar air masses, creating thereby a disturbed weather. Winds meet small resistance over the flat country though hills in the south considerably reduce the speed of powerful wind which prevails along the coast. On average, the frost occurs 60 days in a year. Average temperature of July is about 63 °F (17 °C), and the average temperature of January is 35 °F (2 °C). The annual amount of precipitation averages about 31 inch (790 mm), in total about 25 clear days in a year. The average amount of precipitation is the highest summer (August) and in the fall and the lowest in the spring. The country is known - not least because of magnificent landscapes of the Dutch painters - for its heavy clouds, and on average day of the three fifth of the sky grows dim.